Design & Build Terms

Turnkey Delivery

What is Turnkey Delivery

Turnkey delivery is a project model where the contractor completes the entire space and hands it over fully finished and move‑in‑ready. It streamlines timelines, reduces client risk, and ensures a single point of responsibility throughout design and construction.

Shell & Core Standards

What are Shell & Core Standards

Shell & core standards define the baseline condition of a commercial property, including structural elements, exterior envelope, and essential building systems — often provided as cold shell, warm shell, or vanilla shell formats. These standards determine the scope and cost of the subsequent tenant fit‑out.

Office Fit‑Out Processes

What are Office Fit‑Out Processes

Office fit‑out processes include planning, design, documentation, construction, and final delivery to transform a base building or shell space into a functional workplace. They cover everything from space planning and MEP works to finishes, furniture, and compliance.

Integrated Construction Models

What are Integrated Construction Models

Integrated construction models bring designers, engineers, and contractors into one collaborative workflow from the start of a project. This approach improves coordination, reduces cost overruns, and accelerates delivery through unified decision‑making.

Schematic Design (SD)

What is Schematic Design (SD)

Schematic design is the first conceptual phase of a project, where layout ideas, spatial flows, and basic design intentions are sketched out. It sets the foundation for technical development, budgeting, and client alignment.

Design Development (DD)

What is Design Development (DD)

Design development is the phase where the initial concept evolves into a detailed and technically coordinated design, specifying materials, systems, and dimensions. It ensures all disciplines are aligned before construction documents are created.

Construction Documents (CDs)

What are Construction Documents (CDs)

Construction documents are the final detailed drawings and specifications used for permitting, pricing, and executing the build. They provide contractors with the exact information required to construct the project accurately and safely.

Fit‑Out / Tenant Fit‑Out

What is a Fit‑Out / Tenant Fit‑Out

A tenant fit‑out is the process of customizing the interior of a leased commercial space to meet a company’s operational, aesthetic, and regulatory needs. It can include MEP works, partitions, finishes, furnishings, and technology infrastructure.

MEP (Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing)

What is MEP (Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing)

MEP refers to the core building systems — mechanical, electrical, and plumbing — that ensure functionality, comfort, and safety within a space. Proper MEP design is critical for efficiency, compliance, and seamless building operations.

BIM (Building Information Modeling)

What is BIM (Building Information Modeling)

BIM is a digital 3D modeling process that integrates architectural, structural, and MEP data into a single coordinated model. It improves design accuracy, reduces clashes, supports cost forecasting, and enhances overall project efficiency.